2021

• ---

  Lawo, D., Neifer, T., Esau, M., Vonholdt, S. & Stevens, G. (2021)WITHDRAWN: From Farms to Fridges: A Consumer-Oriented Design Approach to Sustainable Food Traceability

  IN Sustainable Production and Consumption, Vol. 27, Pages: 282–297 doi:10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.007
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.

  @article{lawo_withdrawn_2021,
  title = {{WITHDRAWN}: {From} {Farms} to {Fridges}: {A} {Consumer}-{Oriented} {Design} {Approach} to {Sustainable} {Food} {Traceability}},
  volume = {27},
  issn = {2352-5509},
  shorttitle = {{WITHDRAWN}},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352550920313816},
  doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.007},
  abstract = {This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.},
  language = {en},
  urldate = {2021-04-16},
  journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption},
  author = {Lawo, Dennis and Neifer, Thomas and Esau, Margarita and Vonholdt, Stephanie and Stevens, Gunnar},
  month = jul,
  year = {2021},
  pages = {282--297},
  }

• ---

  Lawo, D., Neifer, T., Esau, M. & Stevens, G. (2021)Buying the ‚Right‘ Thing: Designing Food Recommender Systems with Critical Consumers

  New York, NY, USA, Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery, Pages: 1–13 doi:10.1145/3411764.3445264
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  Critical consumerism is complex as ethical values are difficult to negotiate, appropriate products are hard to find, and product information is overwhelming. Although recommender systems offer solutions to reduce such complexity, current designs are not appropriate for niche practices and use non-personalized intransparent ethics. To support critical consumption, we conducted a design case study on a personalized food recommender system. Therefore, we first conducted an empirical pre-study with 24 consumers to understand value negotiations and current practices, co-designed the recommender system, and finally evaluated it in a real-world trial with ten consumers. Our findings show how recommender systems can support the negotiation of ethical values within the context of consumption practices, reduce the complexity of finding products and stores, and strengthen consumers. In addition to providing implications for the design to support critical consumption practices, we critically reflect on the scope of such recommender systems and its appropriation.

  @inproceedings{lawo_buying_2021,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  series = {{CHI} '21},
  title = {Buying the '{Right}' {Thing}: {Designing} {Food} {Recommender} {Systems} with {Critical} {Consumers}},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-8096-6},
  shorttitle = {Buying the '{Right}' {Thing}},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445264},
  doi = {10.1145/3411764.3445264},
  abstract = {Critical consumerism is complex as ethical values are difficult to negotiate, appropriate products are hard to find, and product information is overwhelming. Although recommender systems offer solutions to reduce such complexity, current designs are not appropriate for niche practices and use non-personalized intransparent ethics. To support critical consumption, we conducted a design case study on a personalized food recommender system. Therefore, we first conducted an empirical pre-study with 24 consumers to understand value negotiations and current practices, co-designed the recommender system, and finally evaluated it in a real-world trial with ten consumers. Our findings show how recommender systems can support the negotiation of ethical values within the context of consumption practices, reduce the complexity of finding products and stores, and strengthen consumers. In addition to providing implications for the design to support critical consumption practices, we critically reflect on the scope of such recommender systems and its appropriation.},
  urldate = {2021-05-17},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  author = {Lawo, Dennis and Neifer, Thomas and Esau, Margarita and Stevens, Gunnar},
  month = may,
  year = {2021},
  keywords = {ethics, consumer informatics, co-design, critical consumerism, food, recommender systems},
  pages = {1--13},
  }

• ---

  Alizadeh, F., Stevens, G. & Esau, M. (2021)I Don’t Know, Is AI Also Used in Airbags?

  IN i-com, Vol. 20, Pages: 3–17 doi:doi:10.1515/icom-2021-0009
  [BibTeX] [Download PDF]

  @article{alizadeh_i_2021,
  title = {I {Don}’t {Know}, {Is} {AI} {Also} {Used} in {Airbags}?},
  volume = {20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2021-0009},
  doi = {doi:10.1515/icom-2021-0009},
  number = {1},
  journal = {i-com},
  author = {Alizadeh, Fatemeh and Stevens, Gunnar and Esau, Margarita},
  year = {2021},
  pages = {3--17},
  }

2020

• ---

  Esau, M., Lawo, D. & Gunnar, S. (2020)Really Smart Fridges: Investigating Sustainable Household Storage Practices

  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  For a long time now, the ’smart fridge‘ is promised to improve everyday life in private households, supporting healthy eating habits and sustainable food practices. However, current technology is still not widespread and limited in its functions. Similarly, researched prototypes are rather persuasive and not aligned with consumers‘ storage practices. We took a practice theoretical lens to investigate current storage practices and actual refrigerators. As follows we present our work in progress and first insights from our contextual inquiry.

  @inproceedings{esau_really_2020,
  title = {Really {Smart} {Fridges}: {Investigating} {Sustainable} {Household} {Storage} {Practices}},
  url = {https://www.verbraucherinformatik.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/SmartFridges_ICT4S.pdf},
  abstract = {For a long time now, the 'smart fridge' is promised
  to improve everyday life in private households, supporting
  healthy eating habits and sustainable food practices. However,
  current technology is still not widespread and limited in its functions. Similarly, researched prototypes are rather persuasive and
  not aligned with consumers' storage practices. We took a practice
  theoretical lens to investigate current storage practices and actual
  refrigerators. As follows we present our work in progress and
  first insights from our contextual inquiry.},
  author = {Esau, Margarita and Lawo, Dennis and Gunnar, Stevens},
  month = jun,
  year = {2020},
  }

• ---

  Lawo, D., Esau, M., Engelbutzeder, P. & Stevens, G. (2020)Going Vegan: The Role(s) of ICT in Vegan Practice Transformation

  IN Sustainability, Vol. 12, Pages: 5184 doi:10.3390/su12125184
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  With the debate on climate change, topics of diet change and the reduction of animal products have become increasingly important in both public and academic discourses. However, sustainable ICT studies have so far focused on individual aspects, in particular investigating the criticized persuasive design approach. We argue for a broader perspective on the role(s) of ICT, one that helps in identifying opportunities to support consumer practice transformation, beyond motivational aspects. Based on retrospective interviews with 16 vegans, we argue to understand practice transformation as co-evolution of practices and ICT artefacts, as this perspective helps to understand how tensions arising from complex entanglements of practices, socio-material contexts, and communities can be resolved. Rather than a motivational process, we observe various roles of ICT artefacts co-evolving with practices: Ranging from initial irritation, to access to information about vegan practices, to the learning of vegan food literacy, to the negotiation of a vegan identity, and vegan norms at the intersection of the ‘odd’ and the ‘norm’.

  @article{lawo_going_2020,
  title = {Going {Vegan}: {The} {Role}(s) of {ICT} in {Vegan} {Practice} {Transformation}},
  volume = {12},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  shorttitle = {Going {Vegan}},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/12/5184},
  doi = {10.3390/su12125184},
  abstract = {With the debate on climate change, topics of diet change and the reduction of animal products have become increasingly important in both public and academic discourses. However, sustainable ICT studies have so far focused on individual aspects, in particular investigating the criticized persuasive design approach. We argue for a broader perspective on the role(s) of ICT, one that helps in identifying opportunities to support consumer practice transformation, beyond motivational aspects. Based on retrospective interviews with 16 vegans, we argue to understand practice transformation as co-evolution of practices and ICT artefacts, as this perspective helps to understand how tensions arising from complex entanglements of practices, socio-material contexts, and communities can be resolved. Rather than a motivational process, we observe various roles of ICT artefacts co-evolving with practices: Ranging from initial irritation, to access to information about vegan practices, to the learning of vegan food literacy, to the negotiation of a vegan identity, and vegan norms at the intersection of the \‘odd\’ and the \‘norm\’.},
  language = {en},
  number = {12},
  urldate = {2021-04-16},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  author = {Lawo, Dennis and Esau, Margarita and Engelbutzeder, Philip and Stevens, Gunnar},
  month = jan,
  year = {2020},
  note = {Number: 12
  Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
  keywords = {sustainability, design, ICT, co-evolution, consumer informatics, practice theory, vegan},
  pages = {5184},
  }

• ---

  Alizadeh, F., Esau, M., Stevens, G. & Cassens, L. (2020)eXplainable AI: Take one Step Back, Move two Steps forward

  doi:10.18420/muc2020-ws111-369
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  In 1991 the researchers at the center for the Learning Sciences of Carnegie Mellon University were confronted with the confusing question of “where is AI” from the users, who were interacting with AI but did not realize it. Three decades of research and we are still facing the same issue with the AItechnology users. In the lack of users’ awareness and mutual understanding of AI-enabled systems between designers and users, informal theories of the users about how a system works (“Folk theories”) become inevitable but can lead to misconceptions and ineffective interactions. To shape appropriate mental models of AI-based systems, explainable AI has been suggested by AI practitioners. However, a profound understanding of the current users’ perception of AI is still missing. In this study, we introduce the term “Perceived AI” as “AI defined from the perspective of its users”. We then present our preliminary results from deep-interviews with 50 AItechnology users, which provide a framework for our future research approach towards a better understanding of PAI and users’ folk theories.

  @article{alizadeh_explainable_2020,
  title = {{eXplainable} {AI}: {Take} one {Step} {Back}, {Move} two {Steps} forward},
  shorttitle = {{eXplainable} {AI}},
  url = {http://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/33513},
  doi = {10.18420/muc2020-ws111-369},
  abstract = {In 1991 the researchers at the center for the Learning Sciences of Carnegie Mellon University were confronted with the confusing question of “where is AI” from the users, who were interacting with AI but did not realize it. Three decades of research and we are still facing the same issue with the AItechnology users. In the lack of users’ awareness and mutual understanding of AI-enabled systems between designers and users, informal theories of the users about how a system works (“Folk theories”) become inevitable but can lead to misconceptions and ineffective interactions. To shape appropriate mental models of AI-based systems, explainable AI has been suggested by AI practitioners. However, a profound understanding of the current users’ perception of AI is still missing. In this study, we introduce the term “Perceived AI” as “AI defined from the perspective of its users”. We then present our preliminary results from deep-interviews with 50 AItechnology users, which provide a framework for our future research approach towards a better understanding of PAI and users’ folk theories.},
  language = {en},
  urldate = {2021-04-15},
  author = {Alizadeh, Fatemeh and Esau, Margarita and Stevens, Gunnar and Cassens, Lena},
  year = {2020},
  note = {Accepted: 2020-08-18T15:19:49Z
  Publisher: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.},
  }

• ---

  Lawo, D., Engelbutzeder, P., Esau, M. & Stevens, G. (2020)Networks of Practices: Exploring Design Opportunities for Interconnected Practices

  doi:10.18420/ecscw2020_ep03
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  For over a decade, researchers from the practice-centered computing community are taking social practices as a unit of design. While the first generation focused on a social practice in isolation, more recent work argues for the (inter-)connections of mutually influencing practices as the primary unit of design. We discuss these current approaches to motivate the notion of a network of practices. Utilizing the case of food practices, we construct and analyze a network populated by the answers of 60 participants. Based on this network we suggest how to identify central elements and clusters as well as points for intervention within the overall network, but also within and in-between clusters of practices. Based on this, our work critically discusses how an understanding of practices as a network could improve practice-based research and design.

  @article{lawo_networks_2020,
  title = {Networks of {Practices}: {Exploring} {Design} {Opportunities} for {Interconnected} {Practices}},
  issn = {2510-2591},
  shorttitle = {Networks of {Practices}},
  url = {https://dl.eusset.eu/handle/20.500.12015/3408},
  doi = {10.18420/ecscw2020_ep03},
  abstract = {For over a decade, researchers from the practice-centered computing community are taking social practices as a unit of design. While the first generation focused on a social practice in isolation, more recent work argues for the (inter-)connections of mutually influencing practices as the primary unit of design. We discuss these current approaches to motivate the notion of a network of practices. Utilizing the case of food practices, we construct and analyze a network populated by the answers of 60 participants. Based on this network we suggest how to identify central elements and clusters as well as points for intervention within the overall network, but also within and in-between clusters of practices. Based on this, our work critically discusses how an understanding of practices as a network could improve practice-based research and design.},
  language = {en},
  urldate = {2021-04-16},
  author = {Lawo, Dennis and Engelbutzeder, Philip and Esau, Margarita and Stevens, Gunnar},
  year = {2020},
  note = {Accepted: 2020-06-05T23:52:34Z
  Publisher: European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies (EUSSET)},
  }

2019

• ---

  Ertl, T., Taugerbeck, S., Esau, M., Aal, K., Tolmie, P. & Wulf, V. (2019)The Social Mile – How (Psychosocial) ICT can Help to Promote Resocialization and to Overcome Prison

  IN Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, Pages: 248:1–248:31 doi:10.1145/3370270
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  There is currently uncertainty in the research community as to how ICT can and should be designed in such a way that it can be convincingly integrated into the everyday lives of prison inmates. In this paper, we discuss a design fiction that closes this research gap. The descriptions and results of the study are purely fictitious. Excluded is the State of the Art as well as the description of the legal situation of prisons in Germany. The analysis of the fictional study data designed here thus refers to the real world in order to derive ethical guidelines and draw practical conclusions. It is our intention to use these results as a possible basis for further research. The paper presents results of an explorative study dealing with the design, development and evaluation of an AI-based Smart Mirror System, Prison AI 2.0, in a German prison. Prison AI 2.0 was developed for daily use and voluntarily tested by eight prisoners over a period of 12 months to gain insight into their individual and social impact, with an emphasis on its ability to actively support rehabilitation. Based on qualitative data, our findings suggest that intelligent AI-based devices can actually help promote such an outcome. Our results also confirm the valuable impact of (Psychosocial) ICT on the psychological, social and individual aspects of prison life, and in particular how prisoners used the Smart Mirror system to improve and maintain their cognitive, mental and physical state and to restore social interactions with the outside world. With the presentation of these results we want to initiate discussions about the use of ICT by prisoners in closed prisons in order to identify opportunities and risks.

  @article{ertl_social_2019,
  title = {The {Social} {Mile} - {How} ({Psychosocial}) {ICT} can {Help} to {Promote} {Resocialization} and to {Overcome} {Prison}},
  volume = {3},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3370270},
  doi = {10.1145/3370270},
  abstract = {There is currently uncertainty in the research community as to how ICT can and should be designed in such a way that it can be convincingly integrated into the everyday lives of prison inmates. In this paper, we discuss a design fiction that closes this research gap. The descriptions and results of the study are purely fictitious. Excluded is the State of the Art as well as the description of the legal situation of prisons in Germany. The analysis of the fictional study data designed here thus refers to the real world in order to derive ethical guidelines and draw practical conclusions. It is our intention to use these results as a possible basis for further research. The paper presents results of an explorative study dealing with the design, development and evaluation of an AI-based Smart Mirror System, Prison AI 2.0, in a German prison. Prison AI 2.0 was developed for daily use and voluntarily tested by eight prisoners over a period of 12 months to gain insight into their individual and social impact, with an emphasis on its ability to actively support rehabilitation. Based on qualitative data, our findings suggest that intelligent AI-based devices can actually help promote such an outcome. Our results also confirm the valuable impact of (Psychosocial) ICT on the psychological, social and individual aspects of prison life, and in particular how prisoners used the Smart Mirror system to improve and maintain their cognitive, mental and physical state and to restore social interactions with the outside world. With the presentation of these results we want to initiate discussions about the use of ICT by prisoners in closed prisons in order to identify opportunities and risks.},
  number = {GROUP},
  urldate = {2021-04-16},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},
  author = {Ertl, Tanja and Taugerbeck, Sebastian and Esau, Margarita and Aal, Konstantin and Tolmie, Peter and Wulf, Volker},
  month = dec,
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {cscw, qualitative research, italg, ai-infused, digital participation, prison, prisoners, psychosocial ict, smart mirror, social participation, voice-based technology},
  pages = {248:1--248:31},
  }

• ---

  Lawo, D., Engelbutzeder, P., Esau, M. & Stevens, G. (2019)Towards a Network of Practices: Identifying Central Elements to Inform Design

  New York, NY, USA, Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery, Pages: 1–4 doi:10.1145/3363384.3363470
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  For over a decade researchers from the HCI community are taking social practices as a unit of design. While the first generation focused on social practice in isolation, more recent work argues for the interrelatedness of mutually influencing practices as the primary unit of analysis. We discuss these current approaches to motivate the notion of a network of practices. We argue that network theory presents a promising method to create more detailed and sophisticated models of social practices, that raise awareness about central elements and their connecting characteristics. Further on, our work identifies open questions that should be addressed in future work, to increase the benefits of the method.

  @inproceedings{lawo_towards_2019,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  series = {{HTTF} 2019},
  title = {Towards a {Network} of {Practices}: {Identifying} {Central} {Elements} to {Inform} {Design}},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-7203-9},
  shorttitle = {Towards a {Network} of {Practices}},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363470},
  doi = {10.1145/3363384.3363470},
  abstract = {For over a decade researchers from the HCI community are taking social practices as a unit of design. While the first generation focused on social practice in isolation, more recent work argues for the interrelatedness of mutually influencing practices as the primary unit of analysis. We discuss these current approaches to motivate the notion of a network of practices. We argue that network theory presents a promising method to create more detailed and sophisticated models of social practices, that raise awareness about central elements and their connecting characteristics. Further on, our work identifies open questions that should be addressed in future work, to increase the benefits of the method.},
  urldate = {2021-04-16},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Halfway} to the {Future} {Symposium} 2019},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  author = {Lawo, Dennis and Engelbutzeder, Philip and Esau, Margarita and Stevens, Gunnar},
  month = nov,
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {Consumption, Food Lifecycle, Network of Practices, Practice Theory, Third Wave of HCI},
  pages = {1--4},
  }

• ---

  Lawo, D., Esau, M. & Stevens, G. Same, but Different Data – Towards Integrated Food & Household Services

  , Pages: 5
  [BibTeX] [Abstract]

  While information about our food consumption behavior becomes more and more available through different digitalization trends within this domain, such as food related apps or smart kitchen devices, information remains captured in silos and can therefore not be used for usable and meaningful customer applications. This research in progress presents the approach of integrated food & household services, that are based on best practices of the integrated information systems domain and yet existing integrated fitness & health services, such as GoogleFit or Apple HealthKit.

  @article{lawo_same_nodate,
  title = {Same, but {Different} {Data} - {Towards} {Integrated} {Food} \& {Household} {Services}},
  abstract = {While information about our food consumption behavior becomes more and more available through different digitalization trends within this domain, such as food related apps or smart kitchen devices, information remains captured in silos and can therefore not be used for usable and meaningful customer applications. This research in progress presents the approach of integrated food \& household services, that are based on best practices of the integrated information systems domain and yet existing integrated fitness \& health services, such as GoogleFit or Apple HealthKit.},
  language = {en},
  author = {Lawo, Dennis and Esau, Margarita and Stevens, Gunnar},
  pages = {5},
  }