2022

• ---

  Grinko, M., Qalandar, S., Randall, D. & Wulf, V. (2022)Nationalizing the Internet to Break a Protest Movement: Internet Shutdown and Counter-Appropriation in Iran of Late 2019

  IN Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 6, Pages: 314:1–314:21 doi:10.1145/3555205
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  To deal with a spontaneous civil uprising following a substantial rise in gas prices, the Iranian security apparatus imposed in late 2019 techno-political measures and blocked access to international websites and services. To analyze these measures, we conducted 19 interviews with Iranians living inside and outside the country. We argue that the concept of the shutdown, as portrayed in Western media, is not perfectly suitable to describe the infrastructural restrictions and propose the concept of an internet nationalization. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of what the nationalization meant and how it affected the lives of Iranians participating or not participating in the protests. We also report on a variety of creative measures, both technical and non-technical, Iranians took to counter-appropriate the government-imposed shutdown of international connectivity. Based on these data, we elaborate on the concept of counter-appropriation.

  @article{grinko_nationalizing_2022,
  title = {Nationalizing the {Internet} to {Break} a {Protest} {Movement}: {Internet} {Shutdown} and {Counter}-{Appropriation} in {Iran} of {Late} 2019},
  volume = {6},
  shorttitle = {Nationalizing the {Internet} to {Break} a {Protest} {Movement}},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3555205},
  doi = {10.1145/3555205},
  abstract = {To deal with a spontaneous civil uprising following a substantial rise in gas prices, the Iranian security apparatus imposed in late 2019 techno-political measures and blocked access to international websites and services. To analyze these measures, we conducted 19 interviews with Iranians living inside and outside the country. We argue that the concept of the shutdown, as portrayed in Western media, is not perfectly suitable to describe the infrastructural restrictions and propose the concept of an internet nationalization. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of what the nationalization meant and how it affected the lives of Iranians participating or not participating in the protests. We also report on a variety of creative measures, both technical and non-technical, Iranians took to counter-appropriate the government-imposed shutdown of international connectivity. Based on these data, we elaborate on the concept of counter-appropriation.},
  number = {CSCW2},
  urldate = {2022-11-15},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},
  author = {Grinko, Margarita and Qalandar, Sarvin and Randall, Dave and Wulf, Volker},
  month = nov,
  year = {2022},
  keywords = {activism, protest, internet, Iran, shutdown},
  pages = {314:1--314:21},
  }

2021

• ---

  Grinko, M., Ertl, T., Aal, K. & Wulf, V. (2021)Transitions by Methodology in Human-Wildlife Conflict – Reflections on Tech-based Reorganization of Social Practices

  LIMITS ’21: Workshop on Computing within Limits., Pages: 13
  [BibTeX] [Abstract]

  Can cattle farmers live peacefully alongside lions, and what role can technology play in this sensitive setting? Since 2017, we have been investigating this question in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, using a Grounded Design (GD) approach. Based on community involvement we have been building and evaluating a system together with local and foreign experts which warns the locals when a lion comes near their village or their cattle and which has significantly reduced livestock predation by giving time for action. However, as our research shows, technology alone is not the solution for locals’ problems: education, knowledge transfer, economic self-determination, as well as the revival of herding traditions and lost connection to nature need to evolve further to foster a true coexistence between humans and predators in Botswana – and perhaps all over the world. To address these problems and solutions by design and ensure sustainability of its outcome, it is important to take into account the oral culture and collective history of the inhabitants with predators, especially lions. Consideration must also be given to their social environment and individual experiences and goals, as well as their digital infrastructure, accessibility, and digital ecologies. We therefore argue that the successful development of a design solution requires a holistic understanding of design that is built on inclusion, participation, collaboration, understanding, respect, sacredness and the always-recurrent cyclic renovation of life.

  @inproceedings{grinko_transitions_2021,
  title = {Transitions by {Methodology} in {Human}-{Wildlife} {Conflict} - {Reflections} on {Tech}-based {Reorganization} of {Social} {Practices}},
  abstract = {Can cattle farmers live peacefully alongside lions, and what role can technology play in this sensitive setting? Since 2017, we have been investigating this question in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, using a Grounded Design (GD) approach. Based on community involvement we have been building and evaluating a system together with local and foreign experts which warns the locals when a lion comes near their village or their cattle and which has significantly reduced livestock predation by giving time for action. However, as our research shows, technology alone is not the solution for locals’ problems: education, knowledge transfer, economic self-determination, as well as the revival of herding traditions and lost connection to nature need to evolve further to foster a true coexistence between humans and predators in Botswana - and perhaps all over the world. To address these problems and solutions by design and ensure sustainability of its outcome, it is important to take into account the oral culture and collective history of the inhabitants with predators, especially lions. Consideration must also be given to their social environment and individual experiences and goals, as well as their digital infrastructure, accessibility, and digital ecologies. We therefore argue that the successful development of a design solution requires a holistic understanding of design that is built on inclusion, participation, collaboration, understanding, respect, sacredness and the always-recurrent cyclic renovation of life.},
  language = {en},
  booktitle = {{LIMITS} ’21: {Workshop} on {Computing} within {Limits}},
  author = {Grinko, Margarita and Ertl, Tanja and Aal, Konstantin and Wulf, Volker},
  month = jun,
  year = {2021},
  pages = {13},
  }

2020

• ---

  Syed, H. A., Schorch, M., Hassan, S. S., Skudelny, S., Grinko, M. & Pipek, V. (2020)From technology adoption to organizational resilience: A current research perspective

  IN Radtke, Jörg (Hrsg.) ; Klesel, Michael (Hrsg.) ; Niehaves, Björn (Hrsg.): New perspectives on digitalization: Local issues and global impact. Siegen: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen, 2020. – DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.25819/ubsi/1894, S. 84 – 92 doi:10.25819/ubsi/2778
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  Digitalization is an ever-increasing phenomenon and is being focused in all prominent research communities around the world. When it comes to businesses, the concept of digitalization can have its far-reaching impacts due to the diverseness of business and distinctiveness of their capabilities. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are of dire importance in this research arena, due to their immense share in global economy and organizational characteristics. The concept of digitalization needs special attention for these business specimens. Technology adoption models need to be built which can transcend the utility of digitalization and digital technologies in SMEs. We propose a hypothetical technology adoption model for increasing the digital maturity in small and medium business organizations and further proposing that matured digitalization will lead to centralized business continuity infrastructure which can boost the organizational resilience.

  @article{syed_technology_2020,
  title = {From technology adoption to organizational resilience: {A} current research perspective},
  copyright = {Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International},
  shorttitle = {From technology adoption to organizational resilience},
  url = {https://dspace.ub.uni-siegen.de/handle/ubsi/1633},
  doi = {10.25819/ubsi/2778},
  abstract = {Digitalization is an ever-increasing phenomenon and is being focused in all prominent research communities around the world. When it comes to businesses, the concept of digitalization can have its far-reaching impacts due to the diverseness of business and distinctiveness of their capabilities. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are of dire importance in this research arena, due to their immense share in global economy and organizational characteristics. The concept of digitalization needs special attention for these business specimens. Technology adoption models need to be built which can transcend the utility of digitalization and digital technologies in SMEs. We propose a hypothetical technology adoption model for increasing the digital maturity in small and medium business organizations and further proposing that matured digitalization will lead to centralized business continuity infrastructure which can boost the organizational resilience.},
  language = {en},
  urldate = {2021-04-15},
  journal = {Radtke, Jörg (Hrsg.) ; Klesel, Michael (Hrsg.) ; Niehaves, Björn (Hrsg.): New perspectives on digitalization: Local issues and global impact. Siegen: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen, 2020. - DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.25819/ubsi/1894, S. 84 - 92},
  author = {Syed, Hussain Abid and Schorch, Marén and Hassan, Sohaib S. and Skudelny, Sascha and Grinko, Margarita and Pipek, Volkmar},
  year = {2020},
  }

2019

• ---

  Grinko, M., Kaufhold, M. & Reuter, C. (2019)Adoption, Use and Diffusion of Crisis Apps in Germany: A Representative Survey

  Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2019. New York, NY, USA, Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery, Pages: 263–274 doi:10.1145/3340764.3340782
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  The research field of crisis informatics examines the potentials and limitations of information and communication technology in crises, disasters, and emergencies. Although ICT plays an increasingly large role in crisis response and management, in-depth studies on crisis apps and similar technology in the context of an emergency have been missing. Based on responses by 1024 participants in Germany, we examine the diffusion, usage, perception and adoption of mobile crisis apps as well as required functions and improvements. We conclude that crisis apps are still a little-known form of disaster ICT, but have potential for enhancing communication, keeping users up to date and providing a more effective crisis management as supplement to other media channels dependent on different underlying infrastructures. However, they should be adaptable to user characteristics, consider privacy, allow communication and offer valuable information to raise awareness of potential disasters without creating an overload. Also, the familiarity with and trust in crisis apps should be addressed to maximize their beneficial impact on crisis communication and management. We discuss further implications as well as directions for future research with larger target groups and specific usage scenarios.

  @inproceedings{grinko_adoption_2019,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  series = {{MuC}'19},
  title = {Adoption, {Use} and {Diffusion} of {Crisis} {Apps} in {Germany}: {A} {Representative} {Survey}},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-7198-8},
  shorttitle = {Adoption, {Use} and {Diffusion} of {Crisis} {Apps} in {Germany}},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3340782},
  doi = {10.1145/3340764.3340782},
  abstract = {The research field of crisis informatics examines the potentials and limitations of information and communication technology in crises, disasters, and emergencies. Although ICT plays an increasingly large role in crisis response and management, in-depth studies on crisis apps and similar technology in the context of an emergency have been missing. Based on responses by 1024 participants in Germany, we examine the diffusion, usage, perception and adoption of mobile crisis apps as well as required functions and improvements. We conclude that crisis apps are still a little-known form of disaster ICT, but have potential for enhancing communication, keeping users up to date and providing a more effective crisis management as supplement to other media channels dependent on different underlying infrastructures. However, they should be adaptable to user characteristics, consider privacy, allow communication and offer valuable information to raise awareness of potential disasters without creating an overload. Also, the familiarity with and trust in crisis apps should be addressed to maximize their beneficial impact on crisis communication and management. We discuss further implications as well as directions for future research with larger target groups and specific usage scenarios.},
  urldate = {2021-04-16},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of {Mensch} und {Computer} 2019},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  author = {Grinko, Margarita and Kaufhold, Marc-André and Reuter, Christian},
  month = sep,
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {Germany, Crisis apps, crisis informatics, disaster communication, representative survey},
  pages = {263--274},
  }

• ---

  Grinko, M. (2019)LionAlert – Participatory Design and Evaluation of an Interactive Notification System to Reduce Human-Lion Conflicts in Rural Botswana

  , Siegen, Germany
  [BibTeX] [Abstract] [Download PDF]

  Das Okavango Delta in Botswana, einem Land im südlichen Afrika, ist berühmt für seine Artenvielfalt. Doch das beliebte Touristenziel wird auch von zahlreichen Menschen in direkter Nachbarschaft zu Nationalparks bewohnt. Wenn die Weideflächen ihrer Nutztiere mit dem Territorium von Raubtieren überlappen, sind fatale Konflikte die Konsequenz: etwa 250 Angriffe auf Rinder wurden im Jahr 2017 in vier untersuchten Dörfern gemeldet, von denen 87 \% von Löwen stammen. Nicht nur die Existenz und Sicherheit der Farmer sind bedroht: unzureichende staatliche Entschädigung führt auch zu Frustration, einer negativen Wahrnehmung und sogar Verfolgung von Löwen. Um dieses Problem zu lösen und Konflikte auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren, hat die Non-Profit-Organisation CLAWS (Communities Living Among Wildlife Sustainably) ein GPS-Tracking von Löwen mittels Halsbändern und ein Warnsystem namens LionAlert etabliert, bei dem Forscher die Einheimischen per SMS warnen, wann immer ein Löwe einen kritischen Bereich betritt. Während das bereits geholfen hat, die Angriffe um 50 \% zu reduzieren, bestehen weiterhin viele Probleme, darunter ein statischer Signal-Bereich und -Zeitraum, Netzwerk-Instabilität, die Ineffizienz manueller Warnungen sowie Faktoren, die Empfänger davon abhalten, angemessen zu reagieren. Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit einer Lösung für diese Probleme, indem ein interaktives Interface für eine neue, automatisch betriebene Version von LionAlert designt und evaluiert wird. Dafür wurden die Methoden der Design Case Studies und des Participatory Design angewandt (Schuler & Namioka, 1993; Wulf et al., 2018). In einem Zeitraum von drei Wochen im August 2018 wurden in einem interdiszplinären Team zwei Runden von Workshops mit 35 Teilnehmern aus drei Dörfern im Okavango Delta durchgeführt. Diese dienten dazu, die aktuelle Situation der betroffenen Parteien, die Adoption und Nutzung des Systems sowie Verbesserungspotentiale herauszustellen, die die initialen Anfoderungen für das aktualisierte System identifizierten. Ein Prototyp des Interfaces mit den Aussagen und Vorschlägen der Teilnehmer wurde daraufhin im zweiten Workshop evaluiert und diskutiert. Basierend auf Feedback aus den Workshops sowie von lokalen Forschern und eigenen Beobachtungen wurde ein finaler Prototyp entwickelt, der schließlich in einer automatisierten Version implementiert wird, die eine Tablet-basierte Warn-Station sowie Apps für verschiedene Arten von mobilen Geräten impliziert. Weitere Implikationen und Limitationen für die weitergehende Linderung des Mensch-Tier-Konflikts mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (ICT) wird diskutiert.

  @phdthesis{grinko_lionalert_2019,
  address = {Siegen, Germany},
  title = {{LionAlert} – {Participatory} {Design} and {Evaluation} of an {Interactive} {Notification} {System} to {Reduce} {Human}-{Lion} {Conflicts} in {Rural} {Botswana}},
  url = {https://www.wineme.uni-siegen.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Masterarbeit_Grinko.pdf},
  abstract = {Das Okavango Delta in Botswana, einem Land im südlichen Afrika, ist berühmt für
  seine Artenvielfalt. Doch das beliebte Touristenziel wird auch von zahlreichen Menschen in direkter Nachbarschaft zu Nationalparks bewohnt. Wenn die Weideflächen ihrer
  Nutztiere mit dem Territorium von Raubtieren überlappen, sind fatale Konflikte die
  Konsequenz: etwa 250 Angriffe auf Rinder wurden im Jahr 2017 in vier untersuchten
  Dörfern gemeldet, von denen 87 \% von Löwen stammen. Nicht nur die Existenz und
  Sicherheit der Farmer sind bedroht: unzureichende staatliche Entschädigung führt auch
  zu Frustration, einer negativen Wahrnehmung und sogar Verfolgung von Löwen.
  Um dieses Problem zu lösen und Konflikte auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren, hat die
  Non-Profit-Organisation CLAWS (Communities Living Among Wildlife Sustainably)
  ein GPS-Tracking von Löwen mittels Halsbändern und ein Warnsystem namens LionAlert etabliert, bei dem Forscher die Einheimischen per SMS warnen, wann immer
  ein Löwe einen kritischen Bereich betritt. Während das bereits geholfen hat, die Angriffe um 50 \% zu reduzieren, bestehen weiterhin viele Probleme, darunter ein statischer
  Signal-Bereich und -Zeitraum, Netzwerk-Instabilität, die Ineffizienz manueller
  Warnungen sowie Faktoren, die Empfänger davon abhalten, angemessen zu reagieren.
  Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit einer Lösung für diese Probleme, indem ein
  interaktives Interface für eine neue, automatisch betriebene Version von LionAlert
  designt und evaluiert wird. Dafür wurden die Methoden der Design Case Studies und
  des Participatory Design angewandt (Schuler \& Namioka, 1993; Wulf et al., 2018). In
  einem Zeitraum von drei Wochen im August 2018 wurden in einem interdiszplinären
  Team zwei Runden von Workshops mit 35 Teilnehmern aus drei Dörfern im Okavango
  Delta durchgeführt. Diese dienten dazu, die aktuelle Situation der betroffenen Parteien,
  die Adoption und Nutzung des Systems sowie Verbesserungspotentiale herauszustellen,
  die die initialen Anfoderungen für das aktualisierte System identifizierten. Ein Prototyp
  des Interfaces mit den Aussagen und Vorschlägen der Teilnehmer wurde daraufhin im
  zweiten Workshop evaluiert und diskutiert. Basierend auf Feedback aus den Workshops
  sowie von lokalen Forschern und eigenen Beobachtungen wurde ein finaler Prototyp
  entwickelt, der schließlich in einer automatisierten Version implementiert wird, die eine
  Tablet-basierte Warn-Station sowie Apps für verschiedene Arten von mobilen Geräten
  impliziert. Weitere Implikationen und Limitationen für die weitergehende Linderung
  des Mensch-Tier-Konflikts mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (ICT)
  wird diskutiert.},
  school = {University of Siegen},
  author = {Grinko, Margarita},
  month = apr,
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {thesis},
  }

• ---

  Kaufhold, M., Gizikis, A., Reuter, C., Habdank, M. & Grinko, M. (2019)Avoiding Chaotic Use of Social Media during Emergencies: Evaluation of Citizens‘ Guidelines

  IN Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management (JCCM) doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12249
  [BibTeX] [Download PDF]

  @article{kaufhold_avoiding_2019,
  title = {Avoiding {Chaotic} {Use} of {Social} {Media} during {Emergencies}: {Evaluation} of {Citizens}' {Guidelines}},
  url = {http://www.peasec.de/paper/2018/2018_KaufholdGizikisReuterHabdankGrinko_DesignEvaluationCitizenGuidelines_JCCM.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-5973.12249},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-5973.12249},
  journal = {Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management (JCCM)},
  author = {Kaufhold, Marc-André and Gizikis, Alexis and Reuter, Christian and Habdank, Matthias and Grinko, Margarita},
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {A-Paper, EmerGent, KontiKat},
  }

• ---

  Langer, A., Kaufhold, M., Runft, E., Reuter, C., Grinko, M. & Pipek, V. (2019)Counter Narratives in Social Media: An Empirical Study on Combat and Prevention of Terrorism

  Proceedings of the Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). València, Spain, Publisher: ISCRAM Association
  [BibTeX]

  @inproceedings{langer_counter_2019,
  address = {València, Spain},
  title = {Counter {Narratives} in {Social} {Media}: {An} {Empirical} {Study} on {Combat} and {Prevention} of {Terrorism}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Information} {Systems} for {Crisis} {Response} and {Management} ({ISCRAM})},
  publisher = {ISCRAM Association},
  author = {Langer, Amanda and Kaufhold, Marc-André and Runft, Elena and Reuter, Christian and Grinko, Margarita and Pipek, Volkmar},
  editor = {Franco, Zeno and González, José J. and Canós, José H.},
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {Frieden, KontiKat},
  }

• ---

  Kaufhold, M., Grinko, M., Reuter, C., Schorch, M., Langer, A., Skudelny, S. & Hollick, M. (2019)Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland

  Proceedings of the International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik. Siegen, Germany, Publisher: AIS
  [BibTeX]

  @inproceedings{kaufhold_potentiale_2019,
  address = {Siegen, Germany},
  title = {Potentiale von {IKT} beim {Ausfall} kritischer {Infrastrukturen}: {Erwartungen}, {Informationsgewinnung} und {Mediennutzung} der {Zivilbevölkerung} in {Deutschland}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Conference} on {Wirtschaftsinformatik}},
  publisher = {AIS},
  author = {Kaufhold, Marc-André and Grinko, Margarita and Reuter, Christian and Schorch, Marén and Langer, Amanda and Skudelny, Sascha and Hollick, Matthias},
  year = {2019},
  keywords = {HCI, KontiKat, Infrastruktur, RSF, HyServ, MAKI},
  }